New Delhi, India – November 26, 2024
Constitution Day, also known as Samvidhan Divas, is observed every year on November 26 to commemorate the adoption of the Indian Constitution by the Constituent Assembly in 1949. This day also marks the birth anniversary of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, the Chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Constitution. India celebrates this day to honor the nation’s commitment to democracy, equality, and justice.
Fundamental Rights
The Indian Constitution guarantees six fundamental rights, which are critical to the development of an individual’s personality and the preservation of human dignity. These rights, enshrined in Articles 12 to 35, form the bedrock of India’s democratic ethos.
- Right to Equality (Articles 14–18)
- Article 14: Guarantees equality before the law.
- Article 15: Prohibits discrimination based on religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.
- Article 16: Ensures equal opportunities in public employment.
- Article 17: Abolishes untouchability.
- Article 18: Abolishes titles that grant privileges to citizens based on social status.
- Right to Freedom (Articles 19–22)
- Ensures individual liberties like freedom of speech (Article 19), protection from arbitrary arrest and detention (Article 22), and the right to life (Article 21).
- Right Against Exploitation (Articles 23–24)
- Prohibits forced labor and child labor in hazardous conditions (Article 23 and Article 24).
- Right to Freedom of Religion (Articles 25–28)
- Guarantees religious freedom, prohibiting state interference in religious affairs (Articles 25–28).
- Cultural and Educational Rights (Articles 29–30)
- Protects the rights of minorities to preserve their culture and establish educational institutions (Articles 29–30).
- Right to Constitutional Remedies (Articles 32–35)
- Enables citizens to seek judicial redress if their fundamental rights are violated.
Fundamental Duties
In addition to fundamental rights, the Constitution emphasizes the duties of every citizen. These duties, added through the 42nd Amendment in 1976, aim to foster unity and patriotism. They are listed in Article 51A and include:
- Abiding by the Constitution, respecting national symbols like the Flag and Anthem.
- Promoting national unity and integrity, and renouncing practices detrimental to women’s dignity.
- Protecting the environment and wildlife.
- Developing scientific temper and striving for excellence.
These rights and duties, together, form the essence of India’s democratic framework, ensuring both individual freedoms and the collective responsibility of its citizens toward national progress and harmony.
